Eid al Adha ka matlab hai “Qurbani Eid” ya “Qurbani ka Tehwar”. Ye Islam ka doosra bara tehwar hai jo Hajj(Islam ke 5 sutoono me se ek) ke mahine Zil- Hijjah (Dhul-Hijjah) ke 10vi tareekh ko manaya jata hai.
Is tehwar ka ta’alluq Hazrat Ibrahim Alaihissalam ki qurbani se hai, jab unhon ne Allah ke hukum par apne bete Hazrat Ismail Alaihissalam ko qurban karne ka irada kiya. Allah ne unki is wafadari ko pasand farmaya aur unke bete ki jagah ek dumba bhej diya.
Ye tehwar humein Allah ke hukum par sar-e-tasleem kham karne, imaan, sabr, aur sakhawat ki yaad dilata hai. Eid al-Adha ke din Musalman qurbani karte hain, Eid ki namaz ada karte hain, aur gareebon, rishtedaron, aur padosiyon ke sath gosht share karke khushi manate hain.
Qurbani Kya Hai?
Qurbani yaani Udhiyah, ek ibadat hai jo har saal Eid al-Adha ke din ada ki jaati hai. Ismein Musalman Allah Ta’ala ki raza ke liye ek jaandar janwar — jaise bakri, dumba, gai ya oont — ko zabaah karte hain.
Yeh amal Hazrat Ibrahim Alaihissalam ki taraf se apne bete Hazrat Ismail Alaihissalam ko Allah ke hukum par qurban karne ki azmuda imtihani kahani ki yaad mein anjaam diya jata hai. Allah Ta’ala ne unki wafadari aur imaan ko pasand farmaya, aur unke bete ki jagah ek dumba bhej kar unki qurbani qubool farmaayi.
- Qurbani ka maqsad sirf gosht hasil karna nahi hota, balki yeh:
- Iman aur taqwa ka izhar karna,
- Allah ke hukum ki itaat karna
- Aur gareebon ke sath barkat share karne ka zariya hai.
Qurbani Ki Ahmiyat
Qurbani Islam mein sirf ek rasam nahi, balki imaan, itaat, aur taqwa ka zinda izhar hai. Iski ahmiyat Qur’an aur Hadith dono mein bohot wazeh taur par bayan ki gayi hai.
1. Sunnat-e-Ibrahimi ka zinda rakhna
Qurbani se Musalman Hazrat Ibrahim Alaihissalam aur Hazrat Ismail Alaihissalam ke azeem waqia ko yaad karte hain, jismein dono ne Allah ke hukum par bina kisi hichkichahat ke apni jaan aur pyar qurban karne ka saboot diya.
2. Taqwa ka izhar
Allah Ta’ala ne Qur’an mein farmaya:
“Na in ke gosht Allah ko pahunchte hain aur na khoon, magar tumhari taqwa Allah tak pahunchti hai…”
(Surah Al-Hajj 22:37)
Yani Qurbani Allah ke qurb hone ka zariya hai, lekin asal cheez taqwa aur ikhlas hai.
3. Gareebon aur mohtaajon ki madad
Qurbani ke gosht ko teen hisson mein taqseem karna
- ek hissa apne ghar ke liye,
- ek rishtedaron aur doston ke liye,
- aur ek gareebon aur zaruratmandon ke liye
yeh insaniyat aur sakhawat ka behtareen izhar hai.
4. Sabse pasandida amal
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Insaan ka koi amal Eid al-Adha ke din Allah ko qurbani se zyada pasand nahin. Qurbani ka khoon zameen par girne se pehle Allah ke nazdeek maqbool ho jata hai…”
(Sunan Ibn Majah 3126)
5. Imaan ka imtihaan
Qurbani ek aisa amal hai jismein banda apni mehnat ki cheez (maal ya janwar) ko sirf Allah ki khushi ke liye de deta hai. Allah ki raah mequrban kar deta hai. Yeh amal insaan ko sabr, shukr, aur Allah par bharose karna sikhata hai aur ye uski misaal ban jata hai.
Quran: Farman e Ilahi
Qur’an Majeed mein wazeh taur par Qurbani ka bayan aaya hai. Allah Ta’ala ne kai jagah par qurbani ke amal ka zikr farmaya hai. Neeche chand ahem Qur’ani ayaat aur unka tarjuma diya ja raha hai:
1. Surah Al-Hajj – Qurbani Ka Maqsad
Qur’an (Surah Al-Hajj, Ayat 37):
“لَن يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا دِمَاؤُهَا وَلَـٰكِن يَنَالُهُ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ مِنكُمْ”
Tarjuma:
“Na Allah tak un (jaanwaron) ka gosht pohanchta hai aur na unka khoon, balki us tak tumhara taqwa pohanchta hai.”
2. Surah Al-Kawthar – Qurbani Ka Aam Hukm
Qur’an (Surah Al-Kawthar, Ayat 2):
“فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ”
Tarjuma:
“Pas tum apne Rab ke liye namaz ada karo aur qurbani do.”
3. Surah Al-Hajj – Qurbani Ka Zikr
Qur’an (Surah Al-Hajj, Ayat 36):
“وَالْبُدْنَ جَعَلْنَـٰهَا لَكُم مِّن شَعَـٰٓئِرِ ٱللَّهِ”
Tarjuma:
“Aur humne un (qurbani ke) jaanwaron ko tumhare liye Allah ki nishaniyon mein se banaya hai.”
🔹 Matlab: Qurbani Allah ki sha’air (nishani) hai, is ka izzat ke saath ada karna imaan ka hissa hai.
4. Surah As-Saffat – Hazrat Ibrahim Alaihissalam Ka Waqia
Qur’an (Surah As-Saffat, Ayat 102):
“قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّى أَرَىٰ فِى ٱلْمَنَامِ أَنِّى أَذْبَحُكَ…”
Tarjuma:
“Hazrat Ibrahim ne kaha: Mere bete! Main ne khwab mein dekha hai ke main tujhe zabah kar raha hoon…”
Hadees: Farman-e-Rasool ﷺ
Qurbani ki fazilat aur ahmiyat par Huzoor Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke kai ahadees paayi jaati hain jo is amal ke ruhani faide, ajar o sawab aur iski ta’zeem ko bayan karti hain. Neeche chand mashhoor aur maani-khaiz farman-e-Rasool ﷺ pesh kiye ja rahe hain:
1. Sab Se Pasandida Amal
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Zil Hijjah ke pehle das dinon mein insaan ka koi amal Allah Ta’ala ke nazdeek qurbani se zyada pasandida nahi.”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith: 1493)
🔹 Is hadees se maloom hota hai ke qurbani ka amal Allah ke nazdeek intehai pasandida hai, aur us waqt ki ibadat mein sabse behtar hai.
2. Qiyamat Ke Din Janwar Gawahi
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Qurbani ke jaanwar Qiyamat ke din apne seengon, baalon aur nakhoonon ke saath aayenge. Allah Ta’ala qurbani ko qabool farmata hai qabl iske ke uska khoon zameen par giray, is liye khushi se qurbani karo.”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith: 1493)
🔹 Yani, har baal par bhi ajar milega, aur qurbani Allah ke yahan foran qabool hoti hai.
3. Qurbani Na Karne Wala
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jo shakhs (maali haisiyat ke bawajood) qurbani na kare, wo hamare Eidgah ke qareeb bhi na aaye.”
(Ibn Majah: 3123)
🔹 Is hadees se qurbani ki shiddat se ta’keed ka pata chalta hai. Agar kisi ke paas mal hai aur phir bhi qurbani na kare to yeh ghatia amal hai.
4. Har Balo’n Ke Badle Nekiyan
Sahaba ne pucha: Ya Rasoolullah ﷺ! Humein qurbani ka kya ajar milega?
Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Har baal ke badle mein ek nek amal likha jata hai.”
(Ibn Majah: 3117)
🔹 Har ek baal aur har hissa ajar ka sabab hai. Is se qurbani ki na-faqat zahiri, balki ruhani ahmiyat bhi samajh mein aati hai.
5. Tumhare Baap Ki Sunnat
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Yeh tumhare baap Ibrahim (Alaihissalam) ki sunnat hai.”
(Musnad Ahmad)
🔹 Qurbani dar haqeeqat Hazrat Ibrahim Alaihissalam ki itaat aur Allah ki raza ke liye unki qurbani ka izhar hai. Is amal se hum usi jazbe ko zinda rakhte hain.
Qurbani Ka Amal Aur Sharaait (Conditions)
Qurbani ka amal sirf ek janwar ko zabah kar dena nahi, balki iske kuch shar’i usool (Islamic conditions) aur zabita hain jinka khayal rakhna zaroori hai, taake qurbani maqbool ho aur sunnat ke mutabiq anjaam di ja sake.
1. Waqt Ki Pabandi
- Qurbani ka waqt Eid al-Adha ki namaz ke baad se shuru hota hai.
- Yeh amal 10th Dhul-Hijjah se 12th Dhul-Hijjah ke ghuroob-e-aftab (sunset) tak kiya ja sakta hai.
- Agar kisi ne Eid ki namaz se pehle qurbani kar di, to wo qurbani na-qabul hai.
Hadith: “Jo shakhs Eid ki namaz se pehle qurbani kare uski qurbani nahi hoti, usse sirf gosht milta hai.” (Bukhari)
2. Qurbani Karne Wale Ki Ahliyat
- Baaligh, aqil, muqeem aur mali tor par sahib-e-nisab Musalman par qurbani wajib hai.
- Nisab ka matlab: us shakhs ke paas saade 52 (52.5) tola chandi ya uske barabar maal ho, jo istemal ke zaroorat se zyada ho.
3. Janwar Ka Munasib Hona
Qurbani ke liye sirf kuch khaas halal janwar hi chune ja sakte hain:
| Janwar | Umar (Minimum Age) |
| Bakra / Bakri | 1 saal |
| Bhed | 6 maheene (agar sehatmand ho) |
| Gai / Bail | 2 saal |
| Oont | 5 saal |
Shartein:
- Janwar sehatmand ho.
- Us mein koi aisi khami na ho jo qurbani ko na-jaiz bana de:
- Andha ya bohot kamzor
- Kaana ya langra jo chalte waqt nazar aaye
- Kaan, dum ya seeng ka zyada hissa kata ho
- Behad patla ya bejaan
4. Qurbani Ka Tareeqa
- Janwar ko qibla rukh lete hue meharbani aur narmi se zibh karein.
- Zibah karte waqt “Bismillah, Allahu Akbar” kehna farz hai.
- Achi niyyat aur ikhlas ke saath qurbani karein, riya (dikhawa) se bachein.
5. Gosht Ki Taqseem
- Gosht ko 3 barabar hisson mein taqseem karein:
- 1 hissa khud ke liye
- 1 hissa rishtedaron / doston ke liye
- 1 hissa gareebon aur mohtaajon ke liye
- Gosht na becha jaaye aur na is se tijarat ki jaaye.
- Qasai ko gosht ya hissa mehnat ke badle mein dena na-jaiz hai, usko alag se ujrat di jaye.
6. Waqf ya Doosron Ki Taraf Se Qurbani
- Kisi mareez, buzurg, ya marhoom ki taraf se bhi qurbani ki ja sakti hai.
- Agar shakhs khud qurbani nahi kar sakta to wakil (representative) rakh sakta hai.
Qurbani Ke Mutaliq Aam Sawalat (FAQs)
Qurbani kis par farz hai?
Har Musalman par jo baaligh, aqil ho aur uske paas nisab ke barabar maal ho (zakat dene ke laayak), us par Qurbani wajib hai.
Kya Qurbani kisi aur ki taraf se ki ja sakti hai?
Ji haan, Qurbani apne ghar walon, marhoomeen (inteqal kar chuke rishtedaar), aur doosron ki taraf se bhi ki ja sakti hai – yeh sadaqah aur yaad dono ka zariya hai.
Qurbani ka tareeqa kya hai?
Qurbani ke waqt Allah ka naam lena farz hai. Kehna chahiye:
“Bismillah, Allahu Akbar.”
Janwar ke sath narmi, meharbani aur izzat ka rawayya rakhna chahiye.
Kya kisi aur se Qurbani karwa sakte hain?
Agar aap khud Qurbani nahi kar sakte (safar mein hain, sehat ki wajah se, ya kisi aur uzr se), to aap kisi aur ko apni taraf se wakil bana sakte hain.
Agar kisi mein Qurbani ki istataat (financial ability) na ho to?
Agar kisi ko Qurbani ki maali istataat nahi, to us par Qurbani farz nahi. Yeh sirf un logon par wajib hai jo zakat dene ke laayak hoon.
Qurbani ka gosht kis tarah taqseem kiya jaye?
Sunnat ke mutabiq gosht ko 3 hisson mein taqseem kiya jata hai:
1. Ek hissa apne liye
2. Ek hissa rishtedaar aur doston ke liye
3. Ek hissa gareeb aur mohtaaj logon ke liye
Kya Qurbani ka gosht becha ja sakta hai?
Nahi. Qurbani ka gosht, khal (chamdi) aur kisi bhi hissa ka lena-dena tijarat ya paise ke badle nahi ho sakta. Chamdi bhi sadaqah mein deni chahiye.
Qurbani ke din kaun se hain?
Qurbani sirf Eid-ul-Adha ki namaz ke baad 10th, 11th aur 12th Dhul-Hijjah ko ki ja sakti hai.
Aapki Raaye Hamare Liye Aham Hai!
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Shukriya!
– Jazakallahu Khair / جزاک اللہ خیر –
