Pesh Lamha
Mughal Saltanat ke sabse taweel hukmaran, Sultan Aurangzeb Alamgir Rahmatullah Alaih (1618-1707), ek aise badshah thay jo sirf ek sipah-salar ya sultan nahi, balki Islam ke asoolon par amal karne wale ek adil hukmaran bhi thay. Unka daur Hindustan ki tareekh ka sabse azeem daur mana jata hai, magar afsos ki baat yeh hai ke unka tasawwur aaj mukhtalif ilzamat aur ghalat fehmiyon ki lapet mein hai. Yeh maqala asal tareekhi hawalay, Islami kitaabon aur Hindustan ki siyasi aur samaji soorat-e-haal ki roshni mein unki asal shanakht pesh karega.
Paidaish aur Taleem
Sultan Aurangzeb Alamgir Rahmatullah Alaih 3 November 1618 ko Mughal badshah Shah Jahan aur Malika Mumtaz Mahal (Jike liye Taj Mahal bana hai) ke ghar paida hue. Bachpan se hi unka rujhan deen aur taleem ki taraf tha. Unho ne Quran Paak hifz kiya aur fiqh aur hadees ka muta’la kiya.
Taj Mahal ek azeem shaan Mughal maqbara hai jo Shah Jahan ne apni begum Mumtaz Mahal ki yaad mein banwaya, jo safed sang-e-marmar, islami fankari aur naqashi ka be-misaal shahkar hai aur duniya ke 7 ajoaib me shamil hai.
Agaz e Hukumat
1645 mein unko Deccan ka governor muqarrar kiya gaya aur unho ne wahan ki baghawati taqaton ko daba diya. 1658 mein, Shah Jahan ki bemari ke baad, unke bhai Dara Shikoh aur Murad Baksh se jang hui jisme unho ne fateh hasil ki aur Hindustan ke sultan ban gaye. 50 saal tak unho ne ek azeem saltanat ko chalaya jo us waqt duniya ki sabse baray mulkon mein shamil thi.
Daur-e-Hukoomat (1658-1707)
1. Islami Qawaneen Ka Nafaz:
Aurangzeb Alamgir Rahmatullah Alaih ne apni hukoomat ko shariyat ke mutabiq chalaya. Unho ne ‘Fatwa-e-Alamgiri’ ki tayyari karwai jo fiqh-e-Hanafi par mabni ek mukammal dastoor tha.
Reference:
Fatwa-e-Alamgiri, Muhammad bin Qasim
2. Mughal Ma’ashiyat Aur Tareeqa-e-Insaf
- Unho ne be-had sadgi ikhtiyar ki, apni guzaraqi hatheliyon se likhne aur topi sil kar ki.
- Tax system ko Islami asoolon ke mutabiq banaya aur bekaar kharche khatam kiye.
- Hinduon aur Musalmanon dono ke liye ek jaisa insaaf barqarar rakha.
3. Mandiron Ka Masla Aur Mukhtalif Aqwaam Ka Muamla
Aaj kal ka sabse bara ilzam yeh hai ke unho ne mandiron ko girwaya. Magar asal tareekh dekhi jaye to sirf woh mandir giraye gaye jo siyasi baghawat ka markaz ban chuke thay.
- Kashi Vishwanath Mandir (Banaras): Yeh mandir ek mazid baghawat ka markaz ban gaya tha, isliye ise girwaya gaya. (Hawala: Maasir-i-Alamgiri, Saqi Mustaid Khan)
- Keshav Rai Mandir (Mathura): Is jagah badshah ne ek masjid banwai jo aaj bhi wahan mojood hai. (Hawala: Majma-ul-Akhbar)
- Magar isi dauraan unho ne Somnath Mandir ko dobara banane ki bhi ijazat di, jo unki insaaf pasandi ka saboot hai. (Hawala: Mughal Archives, Delhi)
4. Deccan Aur Maratha Jangain
Aurangzeb Alamgir Rahmatullah Alaih ka sabse bara muqabla Maratha Sardaron se raha. Unho ne 27 saal tak Deccan mein jang ladi jo unki hukoomat ka sabse bara challenge bana.
FAQ’s
Kya Aurangzeb Inteha Pasand The?
Agar Aurangzeb sirf inteha pasandi aur talwar ke bal par hukumat chalate, to 50 saal tak Mughal empire ka sabse taweel hukmaran na bante. Unki hukoomat in wajahon se mazboot rahi:
Mazboot Iqtidar: Unho ne Fatwa-e-Alamgiri jaise Islami qanoon banaye jo aaj bhi fiqh-e-Hanafi mein istamaal hote hain.
Ma’ashiyat aur Insaaf: Apni hukoomat ke kharche khud topi sil kar aur Qur’an likh kar nikalte, sarkari kharche nahi barhaye.
Hindu Officers ka Ahda: Raja Jai Singh aur Raja Jaswant Singh jaise Hindu sardaron ko bade aohden(Post/Position) diye the.
Deccan Par Control: Bijapur aur Golconda jaise ilaqay Mughal empire mein shamil huye.
Kya Aurangzeb Alamgir sirf ek mazhabi hukmaran thay?
Nahi, unho ne sirf Islam ka nafaz nahi kiya, balki Mughal empire ko siyasati aur ma’ashi taur par bhi mazboot banaya.
Kya unho ne Hinduon par zulm kiya?
Asal tareekh dekhi jaye to Hindu generals unki hukoomat ka hissa thay aur unho ne sirf woh mandir giraye jo baghawat ka markaz ban chuke thay.
Kya Aurangzeb Alamgir ne apne bhaiyon ka qatal kiya?
Unho ne Dara Shikoh ko jang mein haraya, jo Shah Jahan ka pasandeeda beta tha. Siyasati wajah se ye zaroori tha kyunki Dara Shikoh bohot liberal tha jo us waqt ki siyasat ke mutabiq bekaar sabit ho sakta tha.
Kya Aurangzeb Alamgir ne kisi bhi Hindu mandir ki hifazat ki?
Haan, unho ne Somnath Mandir ko dobara banane ki bhi ijazat di, jo unki insaaf pasandi ka saboot hai. (Hawala: Mughal Archives, Delhi)
Wafat
Aurangzeb Alamgir Rahmatullah Alaih ki wafat 3 March 1707 ko Ahmednagar mein hui. Unho ne wasiyat ki thi ke unko ek sadgi bhari qabar mein dafan kiya jaye. Unke inteqal ke baad Mughal Saltanat dheere dheere kamzor hoti gayi aur 1857 tak angrezon ke qabze mein chali gayi.
Conclusion
Aurangzeb Alamgir Rahmatullah Alaih sirf ek badshah nahi, balki ek adil hukmaran aur Islami tareekh ka roshan chiragh thay. Aaj ke ilzamat siyasati aur farzi tareekhi manba’at par mabni hain. Unki asal tareekh ko samajhna aur pehchanna zaroori hai.
